Scale Degree Names

The Hierarchy of Degrees

Each note in a scale has a number (1-7), but musicians also use specific technical names that describe their function and position relative to the Tonic.

C Major Scale with Degree Names

The Pillars: Tonic & Dominant

The Tonic (1st) is the home base. The Dominant (5th) is the second most important tone, providing structural support. The Subdominant (4th) balances the dominant from below.

The Three Pillars in C Major

The Connectors

The Mediant (3rd) lies halfway between Tonic and Dominant. The Submediant (6th) lies halfway between Tonic and Subdominant. The Supertonic (2nd) sits just above the Tonic, and the Leading Tone (7th) pulls strongly back to the Tonic.

The Composer's Takeaway

Scale degree names are essential for understanding harmonic function and melody structure. The Tonic, Dominant, and Leading Tone are especially critical for defining key centers and creating the tension-resolution cycles that make music compelling. Master these relationships to unlock deeper compositional insight.